Saturday, August 7, 2010

History


Description of link:


To let more understand and know Sabah, here have the link about the history of Sabah, Kota Kinablu. There are history, economy, people , environment, and flag


Objectives of link:

The objective of this link is to let all of you more understanding of Sabah, Kota Kinablu. As we know that Kota Kinabalu is a famous tourist attraction in Sabah so through this link you will more know about the history, economy, people, environment and flag of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu.

Flow chart:


References:

http://www.sabahtourism.com/sabah-malaysian-borneo/en/about-sabah/

http://motherearthtravel.com/malaysia/kota_kinabalu/history.htm


1) History

Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia is situated at the northern part of the island of Borneo, the third largest island in the world and it also is one of the thirteen states which Malaysia is made of and shares the island of Borneo with Sarawak, Brunei and Indonesian Kalimantan.

Kota Kinabalu, formerly Jesselton, is the capital of Sabah state in Malaysia. It is also the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies on one side and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city it’s name, nearby. Kota Kinabalu proper has a population of 900,000. It is the largest urban centre in Sabah.

By the 9th century AD., Sabah, then under various chieftains, traded with China and later the Spanish and Portuguese. During the 15th century, Sabah was a vassal of the Sultan of Brunei. In 1521 Ferdinand Magellan's ships sailed into Brunei Bay and later repaired their vessels in Banggi and Balambangan, islands in the very north of Sabah. In 1704, the Sultan of Brunei ceded the lands east of Marudu Bay to the Sultan of Sulu, while the west coast remained under his rule.

The Sultans of Brunei and Sulu exercised a nominal control over north Borneo, especially the coasts, while headhunters roamed the forests and pirates infested the seas. The headhunters were Kadazandusun, as well as Murut tribesmen, and of the two the Kadazandusun were the first to give up headhunting. The pirates were Illanun, Iranum, Balanini, Obian, Bajau and Suluk living in the Southern Philippines and on islands off the coast of North Borneo. Their vessels were of large size, mostly out-triggered, measuring approximately ninety feet long and heavily armed. In Sabah, their strongest lairs were in Marudu Bay and the Tunku Island near present day Kota Kinabalu.

In 1685 the first Englishman visited Sabah. It was Captain Cowley, and he visited the islands on the northern end of Borneo (Banggi, Balambangan).

In the 1760’s Alexander Dalrymple and James Rennell came to Borneo and mentioned Sabah.

In 1773 the East India Company founded a trading post on Balambangan Island, but two years later the settlement was attacked and destroyed by pirates.

It was not until Raja Brooke of Sarawak, with his personal contacts to the Sultan of Brunei, persuaded the Government to suppress piracy and in 1846 the Sultan of Brunei ceded Labuan Island off Sabah's south-west coast to serve as a base for the anti-piracy operations of the British. The last pirate stronghold in Sabah, at Tunku Islands, was destroyed in 1879.


2) Economy

Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia with a total land area of 73,610 sq. km. Sabah’s economy is dominated by the primary sector- namely agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing. Sabah is rich with natural resources from forest, mineral, fauna, flora to marine life. Forest resources and agriculture produce have always been main sources of income for the State. Mineral and non-mineral deposits such as oil, copper, gold, limestone and quarry are also found in State.

Besides that Sabah’s economy is dependent on exports of its major primary commodities such as palm oil, cocoa, rubber, crude petroleum, sawn timber and plywood. Presently, the State is the major producer of palm oil and cocoa in the whole of Malaysia.


3) People


a) Dusun/ Kadazan

The largest ethnic group is the Dusun/Kadazan which comprise about one third of the population. They are traditionally farmers practice wet rice or hill rice cultivation with some hunting and fishing. The various subgroups within the Dusun/Kadazan group which include the Kadazan of Penampang and Paper, the Lotud, the Rungus and other subgroups from Tempasuk, Tambunan, Ranau and other districts, share a common belief syste, with variations in customs and practice. This ethnic group uses the Kadazandusun language as their mother tongue.

b) Murut

The Muruts inhabit the interior and south-eastern parts of Sabah and territory straddling the Kalimantan and Sarawak border. They are mostly shifting cultivators and hunters with some riverine fishing. They live in communal longhouses, usually near rivers, using the rivers as their highways.

c) Bajau and Kindred groups

The Bajau and kindred groups have settled on Sabah’s coasts for several hundred years and have been classified as part of the indigenous population. On the west coast, they are farmers as well as fishermen, and are well know of their expert horsemanship.


4) Environment

Sabah is rich with lush, tropical vegetation. Rafflesia, the largest flower in the world with a radius of

3 metres long, is found here. Numerous orchid species, pitcher plants and rhbododendrons are also found in Sabah. Beside that, below the Wind is a vast area mountainous terrain broken by rivers flowing between rich, alluvial valleys. Numerous caves area also found in Sabah. Mount Kinabalu one of the highest mountain in Southeast Asia, is 4101 metres above sea level.

5) FLAG



Prepared by:YEOW SEE YIN

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